The
darkest days of the year are in January, dark not just because of the
number of daylight hours but Christmas is over and the days are wet,
windy and miserable. Things can seem desolate and the spring and good
weather a long way off. Heading out on foggy, wet damp days easily
grinds you down, longing for a bit of sun, a bit of warmth, a bit of
colour.
The Fog of a Winter Morning |
Grimley in Winter |
Having
said that there is often beauty to be found in the monochrome days of
January. Recent sightings at my local birding patch of Goldeneye
ducks have brought a bit of excitement to my birding trips. Despite
lacking flamboyant colours they are a stunning beauty of black and
white with a dark green head. I always think the white stands out as a purer white than you normally see in nature.
Goldeneye |
Somewhere out there are Ducks |
They
are in the class of diving ducks which means they dive a lot to feed
off crustaceans, aquatic insects and crustaceans on the lake bed. Due
to their diving nature you can often miss them if you are not
careful! The Goldeneye's that you are likely to encounter in the Uk
are wintering birds, with the exception of a very small breeding
population in the highlands, most of them will come from further
afield to take advantage of our warmer winters. Like a lot of ducks
they nest in trees, interestingly they like to nest in cavities in
the wood. These cavities are often natural but they can use the
cavities made by Black Woodpeckers. This is a beautiful connection
between two amazing species of birds. The more black woodpeckers
there are in Scandinavia the more Goldeneyes we will have on our UK lakes in winter.
Heron at Sunrise |
Grimley at Sunrise |
Shortly
after admiring these beautiful ducks on a cold and crisp morning,
light dusting of snow at my feet, something caught my eye as I walked
past a small patch of woodland. Something that instantly gave me a
warm feeling of hope. Something that said new life is coming, that
spring is just around the corner. It was a small patch of Snowdrops!
The date was 22st January. It felt like the earliest
record and I kind of wish I keep more detailed notes of these things.
But I guess that is life. With a bit of research I have learnt that
traditionally it was rare to see snowdrops before February so my
records might not break any records but they are part of a continuing
trend that points towards the impact of climate change on our natural
environment.
Woodlands at Dawn |
My First Snowdrops |
Snowdrops are popular and I think it is because they do give this sense
of hope of the coming warmth. They are also wide spread across our
woodlands. Once we get into February there are few woodlands across
our land that do not have small patches of these dainty little
flowers. However, they are an invasive species. The exact date of
their introduction is unknown, some suggest they were brought here in
roman times; but the first record is in 1770. So in Britain they are
a non-native plant and fairly extensive. Yet in their native home in
southern and eastern Europe they are not doing so well and is under
the conservations status near threatened!
My Daughter Loved Taking Photos of Snowdrops |
Often
invasive species can be seen as a problem or a bad thing for the
natural environment. I don't think that snowdrops fit into this
category. There is little else to compete with and they do not last
long enough to have an impact on plants that flower later. In fact, I
think that the snowdrops help our native insect species by providing
some nectar and pollen for early emerging insects. Not that they rely
on this for reproduction, our climate is not quite right for seed
development and we don’t have enough pollinators.
Jemima's Snowdrops |
Carpets of Snowdrops Shrawley Woods |
Snowdrops
are in fact considered to be toxic for human consumption so should
not be eaten. Not that the thought has ever crossed my mind but with
the ever increasing hobby of foraging for food I guess for some
people it might be a question. Eating them will cause nausea,
vomiting and diarrhoea. There are a couple of active chemicals in a
Snowdrop that cause them to be toxic and this is where things starts to
get interesting. These chemicals are of interest to modern medicine.
Firstly there is galantamine which is used in the treatment of
Alzheimer's disease. It does this by preventing an enzyme
(acetylcholinesterase) from breaking down acetylcholine and therefore
increasing the action of the nurotransmitter acetylcholine, which play an important role in the brain in terms of memory, attention, arousal
and motivation. In addition to this, the chemical snowdrop lectin (named
Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) is being used in research as it appears
to have the ability to inhibit HIV infection.
River Severn |
Frost |
What
an amazing little plant the Snowdrop is! My first encounter was on a crisp frosty
morning and reminds me of this poem by Walter de la Mare “The
Snowdrop”
Now
— now, as low I stooped, thought I,
I
will see what this snowdrop is;
So
shall I put much argument by,
And
solve a lifetime's mysteries.
A
northern wind had frozen the grass;
Its
blades were hoar with crystal rime,
Aglint
like light-dissecting glass
At
beam of morning prime.
From
hidden bulb the flower reared up
Its
angled, slender, cold, dark stem,
Whence
dangled an inverted cup
For
tri-leaved diadem.
Beneath
these ice-pure sepals lay
A
triplet of green-pencilled snow,
Which
in the chill-aired gloom of day
Stirred
softly to and fro.
Mind
fixed, but else made vacant, I,
Lost
to my body, called my soul
To
don that frail solemnity,
Its
inmost self my goal.
And
though in vain — no mortal mind
Across
that threshold yet hath fared! —
In
this collusion I divined
Some
consciousness we shared.
Strange
roads — while suns, a myriad, set —
Had
led us through infinity;
And
where they crossed, there then had met
Not
two of us, but three.